Preliminary
Cellular — Research on cellular-level aging mechanisms
Review / Commentary
PubMed
Exercise and a natural compound called spermidine may work together to keep muscles young by triggering the cell's cleanup system.
Reviews polyamine-autophagy regulatory axis in skeletal muscle: spermidine activates autophagy, SMOX sustains spermidine availability, exercise amplifies this pathway—together potentially counteracting age-related sarcopenia via enhanced mitochondrial quality control.
This review examines how polyamines (especially spermidine) regulate autophagy—the cell's cleanup system—in skeletal muscle, and how exercise amplifies this process to combat age-related muscle loss. The authors propose that spermine oxidase, an enzyme that produces …
Mechanisms of ageing and development